Bengaluru's air quality crisis calls for urgent solutions to safeguard respiratory health

Sowmya Raju | NT

Bengaluru: Bengaluru, often referred to as the Garden City, is grappling with a growing issue—the deteriorating air quality that poses significant threats to the respiratory health of its residents.

The recently analysed Air Quality Index (AQI) for November 2023 by the Central Environmental Laboratory sheds light on the alarming situation, revealing readings from key locations across the city.

Areas such as Bapuji Nagar, Vijay Nagar, Kalyan Nagar, Brigade Road, City Railway Station and Cox Town have recorded the poorest AQI which is more than 140 with PM 2.5 being more than 52.

According to the report, AQI values fluctuate between Good and Satisfactory, with the prominent pollutants identified as PM10.

The current PM 2.5 concentration in the city is 3.8 times above the recommended limit given by the WHO’s air quality guidelines value.

Dr Rajani Surendar Bhat, a Consultant Pulmonologist at SPARSH Hospital in Bengaluru, emphasises the major pollutants prevalent in the city's air, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10).

She said, “The sources of this pollution are diverse, stemming from vehicle emissions, commercial activities, construction, and biomass burning.”

These pollutants initiate inflammation in the airway linings, compromising the natural defence mechanisms of the lungs against inhaled irritants. Dr Rajani Surendar Bhat points out that the smaller particles can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, increasing susceptibility to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Non-smokers also face risks

Bengaluru's unique geographical location on a plateau with cooler temperatures exacerbates the issue, concentrating pollutants closer to the ground surface.

This geographical challenge adversely affects individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Notably, doctors are witnessing a surge in lung-related ailments among younger individuals and a rise in lung cancer cases even among non-smokers.

Need for proactive solutions

Recognising the urgency and seriousness of the situation, Dr Rajani Surendar Bhat advises citizens to take proactive measures.

These include limiting outdoor activities during high pollution periods, using masks with changeable air filters, employing home air filtration systems, and maintaining overall lung health through a healthy lifestyle.

Additionally, supporting public health measures like sustainable transportation, emission control, and increased green spaces can contribute to improving air quality.

Collective action is crucial, with citizens advocating for cleaner air by supporting sustainable practices, reducing carbon emissions, and endorsing policies that prioritise environmental health.