Urban lifestyle, ageing population fuel Alzheimer's surge in B’luru

NT Bengaluru: Bengaluru is witnessing a rise in Alzheimer’s cases, reflecting a broader national trend. As life expectancy increases and lifestyles shift, dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, is becoming more prevalent in India. In Bengaluru, urbanisation, stress, and dietary changes could be exacerbating the issue. Addressing this growing concern requires raising awareness, improving access to healthcare, and supporting research into prevention and treatment. Dr Balaji B. S., Consultant - Neurology & Epileptology at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, describes Alzheimer’s as a progressive degenerative disease that affects memory, thinking, and behaviour.

It is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, resulting in shrinking intellectual capacity and problem-solving skills. "The exact cause isn’t fully understood," says Dr Balaji, "but scientists believe it is linked to harmful protein buildups in the brain, particularly amyloid and tau proteins, which damage brain cells." Early symptoms include difficulties in recalling recent events or conversations. As the disease progresses, individuals find it increasingly challenging to manage daily tasks such as handling finances or dressing. In advanced stages, people may struggle to recognise family and friends, lose communication skills, and become dependent on others for self-care. Dr Balaji advises, "If a loved one shows signs of memory loss, it’s crucial to seek timely medical intervention.

Providing a structured routine and offering compassionate support can make a significant difference in their daily life." Dr Sowmya, Senior Consultant Neurology at Aster RV Hospital, emphasises that while Alzheimer’s is associated with ageing, it is not a natural part of the ageing process. "Alzheimer’s results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors," she explains. Genetic predisposition can increase the risk, particularly in early-onset cases. However, most cases are late-onset, influenced by factors such as diet, exercise, and overall health. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s involves a combination of medical history reviews, cognitive tests, and brain imaging such as MRI or CT scans.

Biomarker tests, which detect abnormal amyloid or tau proteins, are becoming more common as diagnostic tools. While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications, along with lifestyle changes, can slow the disease’s progression. "Managing a patient with dementia is challenging, especially for the primary caretaker," says Dr. Sowmya. "Educating families about the condition is crucial for providing empathetic care." Caregivers often bear a significant burden. Offering them support and ensuring they have access to resources is essential in ensuring both the patient and the caregiver can maintain a decent quality of life.